Showing posts with label of. Show all posts
Showing posts with label of. Show all posts
Sunday, December 22, 2013
It is the function and feature of cell phone jammer
It is the function and feature of cell phone jammer .
Then the order of execution of its boot program data read from external memory (font, chip). If not read the information at this time, the CPU internal reset (via the CPU internal "watchdog" or
hardware reset command) bootloader If successful completion of implementation, the CPU was taken from the external font program execution, if acquisition procedures are abnormal, it can lead to a
"watchdog" to reset both the program and from address start. The CPU reads the character through the parallel data and address lines and address lines, together with the read and write control
clock line W / R, some readers may ask, font is how to distinguish between the program read, or read the data? Microcontroller with external program memory chip select signal line or the CS, CE,
and the W / R role, you can allow the character to distinguish between read data or program. Install the main machine of cell phone jammer first.
Phone all the software work processes are carried out under the action of the CPU, the specific division of the five processes described below. These processes are software in the form of data
storage in the phone in EEPROM and FLASHROM of when the phones power supply module detects a power key is pressed, the cell phone battery voltage is converted to a voltage suitable for the use of
the phone circuit value supplied to the power module, the clock circuit supply voltage oscillation signal into the logic circuit, CPU voltage and clock signal, performs the boot process, the first
read from the ROM boot code execution logic The self-test of the system. And all of the reset signal is set high, if the self-test through. cell phone jammer will only act on cell phone
communication.
The CPU is given Watchdog (Watchdog) signal to the module, then the power supply module in the role of watchdog (Watchdog) signal to maintain the boot. Phone is switched on, not only search for the
broadcast control signal Road (BCCH) carrier frequency. Because the system at any time be sent to each user in the community users to broadcast control information. Phone to collect the search to
the strongest (BCCH) carrier frequency. The carrier frequency corresponding to the read frequency correction channel (FCCH), frequency and synchronization of the mobile phone (MS). Each users
mobile phone in different morning (both residential) carrier frequency is fixed, it is to determine when the network by the GSM network operator, rather than determined by the users GSM phone.
Mobile phones to read the sync channel. It is 1 set of main machine of cell phone jammer .
More...
Then the order of execution of its boot program data read from external memory (font, chip). If not read the information at this time, the CPU internal reset (via the CPU internal "watchdog" or
hardware reset command) bootloader If successful completion of implementation, the CPU was taken from the external font program execution, if acquisition procedures are abnormal, it can lead to a
"watchdog" to reset both the program and from address start. The CPU reads the character through the parallel data and address lines and address lines, together with the read and write control
clock line W / R, some readers may ask, font is how to distinguish between the program read, or read the data? Microcontroller with external program memory chip select signal line or the CS, CE,
and the W / R role, you can allow the character to distinguish between read data or program. Install the main machine of cell phone jammer first.
Phone all the software work processes are carried out under the action of the CPU, the specific division of the five processes described below. These processes are software in the form of data
storage in the phone in EEPROM and FLASHROM of when the phones power supply module detects a power key is pressed, the cell phone battery voltage is converted to a voltage suitable for the use of
the phone circuit value supplied to the power module, the clock circuit supply voltage oscillation signal into the logic circuit, CPU voltage and clock signal, performs the boot process, the first
read from the ROM boot code execution logic The self-test of the system. And all of the reset signal is set high, if the self-test through. cell phone jammer will only act on cell phone
communication.
The CPU is given Watchdog (Watchdog) signal to the module, then the power supply module in the role of watchdog (Watchdog) signal to maintain the boot. Phone is switched on, not only search for the
broadcast control signal Road (BCCH) carrier frequency. Because the system at any time be sent to each user in the community users to broadcast control information. Phone to collect the search to
the strongest (BCCH) carrier frequency. The carrier frequency corresponding to the read frequency correction channel (FCCH), frequency and synchronization of the mobile phone (MS). Each users
mobile phone in different morning (both residential) carrier frequency is fixed, it is to determine when the network by the GSM network operator, rather than determined by the users GSM phone.
Mobile phones to read the sync channel. It is 1 set of main machine of cell phone jammer .
Wednesday, March 13, 2013
How to Understand Technical Specs of Solar Panels
Solar panels are devices which are used for generating electricity from sun light. Solar panels consist of many individual photo voltaic cells arranged in series. Each cell is able to generate a small amount of voltage in response to the incident sun rays over its surface. Arrays of these individual cells are connected in series to form a single solar panel, which results in the generation of a significant magnitude of voltage in the presence of sunlight.
This amazing ability of these devices to convert free and abundant solar energy into electrical power has made it immensely useful in the relevant application.
This amazing ability of these devices to convert free and abundant solar energy into electrical power has made it immensely useful in the relevant application.
No doubt, solar panels are gaining popularity at a very rapid pace and can be considered as the devices of the future for replacing conventional methods of generating electricity.
When it comes to personal usage, solar panels can become a difficult parameter to digest. While selecting solar panels, folks tend to depend entirely on the manufacturer and the technical personnel, and therefore are unable to take personal decisions with the devices technical specs and quality.
In this article we’ll discuss some of the basic technical points related to solar panels which will help us to understand solar panels from the core and use them efficiently. The discussed points are though very basic, provides general yet useful inputs regarding these outstanding devices.
As discussed in the above paragraph, solar panels convert direct sunlight incident over their surface into electricity. Since the generated electricity is directly proportional to the striking sunrays, the direction and the intensity of the rays become the main factors affecting the outcomes.
Therefore, the voltage magnitude available across solar panel output terminals may vary according to the intensity and the amount of sun light available over its surface, and varies linearly.
Typically every solar panel is associated with a particular set of technical and electrical specifications, which defines its functioning and application.
The following technical specs can be normally witnessed:
Optimal voltage,
Optimal current,
Maximum voltage,
Short circuit current,
Maximum wattage,
Fuse rating.
As a customer, the parameters which would be particularly important are: optimal voltage, optimal current, short circuit current and the fuse rating.
Though the installations will be handled by the associated engineer, the user should also be aware regarding the operating terms related to these devices. This would greatly help them to analyze, customize and even troubleshoot some of the common faults accompanied with these devices.
Image Credit - http://cndingwen.en.made-in-china.com/offer/QMsmDPNUHgYy/Sell-285W-Polycrystalline-Solar-Panels.html
Coming back to the specs, optimal voltage refers to the magnitude of voltage that may be acquired from a solar panel under normal conditions; optimal current is also the magnitude of current that’s available from it under the above conditions, that is when the sun light is perpendicular to the surface of the panel with clear skies.
Optimal voltage should always be greater than the minimum required voltage for the application. In fact it should greater than twice the required value. This makes sure that even under gloomy conditions the output from the panel might be just enough for the needs or above the minimum requirements.
During optimal conditions, the excess voltage from the panel is appropriately tailored by the associated voltage regulator such that only the required magnitude reaches the application; normally this voltage will be used for charging an inverter battery.
Maximum voltage can be ignored as it refers to the ability of the panel to produce electricity under maximum artificial forced light conditions, not something related to normal usage.
Short circuit current is the magnitude of current which causes the output of the solar panel reach a zero level when its output leads are joined or shorted, a point at which the panel output indicates a zero voltage and fails to operate.
The condition may cause severe deterioration or even a permanent damage to the device. This specification indicates the loading current of the panel which cannot be exceeded above the rated value; typically this value must be kept at around 50% of the specified value.
The maximum fuse rating is the amperage of the fuse wire connected in series with the panels output. This rating should be a shade lower to the above short circuit current rating so that the fuse instantly blows-of before the current can exceed and reach the dangerous short circuit conditions.
The maximum wattage spec may also be ignored because once the optimal current and voltage are selected appropriately, the wattage which the product of the above two parameters, automatically adjust with the requirements.
The maximum wattage spec may also be ignored because once the optimal current and voltage are selected appropriately, the wattage which the product of the above two parameters, automatically adjust with the requirements.
However today’s modern solar voltage regulators and charger associated with solar panels take care of the most critical situations, eliminating short circuit, overload or over voltage situations, safeguarding both the solar panel and the inverter/battery stage which are integrated to the panel for the desired operations.
Although the solar panel may be generating just about enough current for your batteries, it may be quite useless once the sun rays stop reaching the surface of the panel.
To fight against this issue, solar trackersmechanisms are normally employed with solar panels so that the panels keep generating electrical power at the most efficient rates throughout the day irrespective of the sun’s position in the sky.
This also facilitates the incorporation of relatively smaller sized solar panels because now the optimal voltage can be selected just close to the actual requirement and does not need to be twice or thrice than the actual need.
Monday, March 11, 2013
Circuit explanation of Stepper Motor controller
Motor driving circuit
coil, 
coil, 
coil and 
coil respectively.Darlington connection-type transistor is used for the drive of the coil. As for the Darlington connection, 2 stages of transistors are connected inside in series. The "hfe" of this transistor is the multiplication of the "hfe" of each transistor inside. In case of 2SD1209K which was used this time, the hfe is over 4000. Because the ratio of the input electric current and the output current is big, the rising edge and the falling edge of the control signal can be made sharp.
The diode to be putting between the collector and the power is for the protection of the transistor. When the transistor becomes OFF from ON, the coil of the motor tries to continue to pass an electric current and generates high voltage. An electric current by this voltage is applied to the diode and the high voltage which applies over the transistor is prevented.
Speed control circuit
TR1 becomes ON condition when RB7 becomes H level. In this condition, the electric charge of capacitor C1 flows through the transistor and the voltage of the both edges of the capacitor becomes 0 V almost.
When RB7 becomes an L level, the transistor becomes OFF condition. In this condition, the electric current flows through VR1 and R4 into capacitor C1 and the charging to the capacitor begins. The voltage of the both edges of the capacitor becomes high gradually as charging is done. As for the change of this voltage, refer to "Integration circuit".
The voltage of the capacitor is detected by RB5. The software of PIC interrupts the control of the motor until it checks RB5 after making RB7 an L level and RB5 becomes H level. When making the value of VR1 small, the charging time of the capacitor is short and the control of the motor becomes quick. The control of the motor becomes slow when making VR1 big. The speed control range can be changed by changing the value of the capacitor.
Start/stop circuit
Oscillator
Power supply circuit
Because the operating voltage of the stepper motor to be using this time is about 5V, the power supply voltage is +5V. In this case, the voltage which is applied to PIC becomes less than 5V because of the voltage drop (about 1V) of the regulator. In case of PIC16F84A, the operation is possible even if the power falls to about 3V because the operating voltage range is from 2V to 5.5V. It is enough in the 100-mA type.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)