wiring and diagram

The AC mains line that we get in our household electric socket outlets, may at times be full of dangerous fluctuations. These may either be in the form of a sudden high voltage or a low voltage. Both the situations can be very “fatal” to our sophisticated electronic equipments like TVs, DVD players, refrigerators, computers etc to name a few.

A simple electronic part such as an LED can play an important role in displaying the condition of this AC mains voltage and warn us of a possible electrical hazard.

Yeah, we will exactly learn how to make ac voltage indicator from led through a construction of a little electronic circuit.

You will need the following mentioned parts for the project:

TRANSISTORS T1, 2, 3, 4, 5 = BC547

ZENER DIODE Z1----Z5 = 3 VOLTS / 400mW

RESISTORS R 1—R10 = 1 K ¼ WATT, CFR.

CAPACITOR C1 = 1000uF/25v,

DIODE D1 = 1N4007

LED 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 = RED 5mm DIFFUSED

PRESET P1, 2, 3, 4, 5 = 47K LINEAR

GENERAL PURPOSE BOARD = 6” BY 2”

TRANSFORMER = O – 6 VOLTS/ 500mA

  It is completed through the following few easy steps:

 In the procured general purpose board, with the help of the circuit schematic start inserting the transistors first in a straight line and solder their leads.

Similarly insert and solder the resistors, zener diodes, LEDs, capacitors, presets etc. in an organized manner and solder them with reference to the circuit diagram.

The following testing details will furthermore help you to understand exactly how to make ac voltage indicator from led:

For testing the completed circuit board you will require a transformer with multiple voltage outputs.

Connect the transformer to the AC mains; also connect the common secondary output of the transformer to the negative point of the circuit.

Make an alligator clip/ wire assembly. Solder the wire end of the clip to 1N4007 diode input.

Now bite the clip to the 3 volt output of the transformer, adjust P1 so that the first LED just starts glowing.

As above go on connecting the clip to 6, 7.5, 9 and 12 volts of the transformer and adjust the presets P2, P3, P4 andP5 so that the relevant LEDs just start to glow at the respective voltages.

This completes the testing and the setting of the circuit.

Finally join the 6 volt transformer to the circuit and switch ON the power. You will find that LED 1, 2 and 3 are glowing brightly, LED no.4 is glowing with less brightness while the last LED is completely OFF, indicating a safe level of AC mains voltage.

Now in case the voltage exceeds a high level (above 260 volts) the last LED will start glowing brightly indicating a dangerous situation.

If the voltage drops to a dangerous level (below 160 V) LED 3 and may be LED 2 may cease to glow, again indicating a bad low voltage.